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RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar las características clínico-epidemiológicas del trauma ocular a globo abierto. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal en pacientes con trauma ocular a globo abierto y afectación del segmento posterior en pacientes hospitalizados en el Servicio de Vítreo-Retina del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer" entre julio del año 2017 y julio de 2018. Resultados: El 68,18 por ciento de los pacientes fue menor de 50 años y el 88,64 por ciento fueron hombres. El trauma más común fue el penetrante (91,11 por ciento); el 68,89 por ciento de las lesiones ocurrió en zona 1, con predominio de las heridas menor o igual a 4 mm (75,56 por ciento). La circunstancia más común del trauma fue la laboral (50 por ciento). El mecanismo de producción predominante fue el martilleo sobre metal (71,11 por ciento); el 65,91 por ciento de los traumas ocurrieron en zona urbana; el 96,46 por ciento no usaba protección; el 57,77 por ciento tenía una agudeza visual inicial de cuenta dedo o mejor, y la presencia de cuerpo extraño intraocular ocupó el 77,78 por ciento. Conclusiones: En el trauma ocular a globo abierto predominan la edad por debajo de 50 años, el sexo masculino y los traumas penetrantes. La mayor parte se presenta de forma unilateral, durante las actividades laborales y sin protección ocular. Más de la mitad de los pacientes presentan agudeza visual inicial de cuenta dedos o mejor. Los signos oculares asociados más frecuentes son el cuerpo extraño intraocular y la catarata traumática(AU)
ABSTRACT Objective: Determine the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of open globe ocular trauma. Methods: A cross-sectional observational descriptive study was conducted of open globe ocular trauma and posterior segment damage in patients admitted to the Vitreous-Retina Service of Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from July 2017 to July 2018. Results: Of the patients studied, 68.18 percent were under 50 years of age and 88.64 percent were men. Penetrating trauma was the most common type (91.11 percent); 68.89 percent of the lesions were found in zone 1, with a predominance of injuries smaller than or equal to 4 mm (75.56 percent). Most traumas occurred while at work (50 percent). The prevailing occupational activity being performed at the moment of the trauma was hammering on metal (71.11 percent); 65.91 percent of the traumas occurred in urban areas; 96.46 percent of the patients were not wearing the required protection equipment; 57.77 percent had an initial visual acuity of count fingers or better; and participation of foreign bodies accounted for 77.78 percent. Conclusions: In open globe ocular trauma a predominance is found of age under 50 years, male sex and penetrating traumas. Most are unilateral and occur while working without the required ocular protection. In more than half of the patients initial visual acuity is finger counting or better. The most common associated ocular signs are intraocular foreign body and traumatic cataract(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Visual Acuity , Eye Injuries, Penetrating/epidemiology , Foreign Bodies/etiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational Studies as TopicABSTRACT
Aims: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into multiple cell types including insulinproducing cells. However, these cells usually cannot be directed to efficiently differentiate into β cells in vitro. The present study aimed to explore whether the pancreatic microenvironment could induce bone marrow-derived (BM)-MSCs to differentiate into β cells to compensate for insufficient β-cells. Methodology: We directly transplanted male enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP)- expressing BM-MSCs into the pancreas of female diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats by multi-point injection. Results: BM-MSCs could restore serum insulin and C-peptide levels and reverse hyperglycemia by intra-pancreatic transplantation. BM-MSCs from male donors could differentiate into pancreatic stem/progenitor cells and β cells under female pancreas micro-environment. Neogenesis islets derived from BM-MSCs were verified in pancreatic tissue by histology and the expression of genes related to β cell gene biomarker was determined by RT-PCR and quantitative real time-PCR. Ychromosome SRY and PDX-1 mRNA have expressed simultaneously in neogenesis β cells. Polyploidy and aneuploid DNA were not observed. Conclusion: This study showed that transplanted BM-MSCs did not fuse with pancreatic cells and could contribute to repair, paracrine and differentiation into new islet β cells in the pancreatic microenvironment.
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This study aimed to examine the preparation of cationic lipid microbubble (CLM),and evaluate its physical and chemical properties and toxicity,measure the gene transfection efficiency by ultrasound triggered microbobble destruction (UTMD) in combination with CLM.The CLM was prepared by the method of the thin film hydration,and its morphology was observed under the electron microscopy at 1st,3rd,7th,10th,and 14th day after preparation,respectively.The size,Zeta potential and stability of CLM were tested.The acute toxicity of CLM was assessed.The green fluorescent protein gene (EGFP) transfection efficiency was evaluated.The experiment grouping was as follows:naked plasmid group (P group),ultrasonic irradiation plus naked plasmid group (P-US group),naked plasmid plus CLM group (P-CLM group),naked plasmid plus ultrasound and CLM group (UTMD group).The expression of EGFP was detected by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry.The results showed that CLMs were spherical in shape,with the similar size and good distribution degree under the light and electron microscopies.The size of CLMs was varied from 250.4±88.3 to 399.0±99.8 nm and the Zeta potential of CLMs from 18.80±4.97 to 20.1 ±3.1 mV.The EGFP expression was the strongest in the UTMD group,followed by the P-CLM group,P-US group and P group.Flow eytometry results were consistent with those of fluorescent microscopy.The transfection efficiency was substantially increased in the P-US group,P-CLM group and UTMD group as compared with that in the P group,almost 7 times,10 times and 30 times higher than that in the P group respectively.It is suggested that CLMs prepared by the method of thin film hydration are uniform in diameter,and proved non-toxic.UTMD combined with CLM can significantly increase the transfection efficiency of EGFP to targeted cells.
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Quantification of right ventricular(RV)volume and function remains a challenge because of RV complex geometry by conventional echocardiography.The purpose of this study was to assess RV global longitudinal function in patients with tetralogy of Fallot(TOF)by 2-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking imaging(STI).Thirty-eight patients with TOF were enrolled in this study and divided into child group(n=25)and adult group(n=13)according to age.Thirty-eight age-and sex-matched normal subjects were selected as control groups including child control group(n=25)and adult control group(n=13).RV global longitudinal peak systolic strain(GLS),strain rate(GLSPs),early diastolic strain rate(GLSRe)and late diastolic strain rate(GLSRa)were measured in all subjects by STI from the apical 4-chamber view and compared between groups.Furthermore,the main factors affecting the RV global longitudinal functional parameters were assessed.Compared with those in controls,RV GLS,GLSRs and GLSPe were significantly reduced in patients with TOF(P<0.05 for all).RV GLSRs was significantly decreased in adult patients with TOF as compared with that in child patients(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in RV GLS,GLSRe and GLSRa between child and adult TOF groups(P>0.05).The diameter of right ventricle,main pulmonary artery and ventricular septum defect had correlations with RV GLSRs(r1=-0.490,r2=0.580,r3=-0.528,respectively,P<0.05 for all).Tricuspid annular plane peak systolic velocity(Sm)was the independent predictor of RV global strain and strain rate(β1=0.355,P1=0.031,β2=0.307,P2=0.021).RV global longitudinal function is decreased in patients with TOF,especially in adult patients.STI is a sensitive and accurate technique in RV global functional assessment.
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To evaluate the feasibility of real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography (RTMCE) by quantitative analysis of myocardial perfusion in rabbits,transthoracic RTMCE was performed in 10 healthy rabbits by using continuous infusion of Sono Vue into the auricular vein. The short axis view at the papillary muscle level was obtained. The duration of the time that the contrast took to appear in right heart,left heart and myocardium was recorded. The regional myocardial signal intensity (SI) versus refilling time plots were fitted to an exponential function:y(t) =A(1-e-β(t-t0)) + C,where y is SI at any given time,A is the SI plateau that reflects myocardial blood volume,and β is the slope of the refilling curve that reflects myocardial microbubble velocity. The A,β and A×β values at different infusion rate of SonoVue were analyzed and the A,β and A×β values in each segment in the short axis view at the papillary muscle level were compared. All the animal experiments were successful and high-quality images were obtained. The best intravenous infusion rate for Sono Vue was 30 mL/h. The contrast appeared in fight heart,left heart and myocardium at 7.5±2.2 s,9.1±2.4 s and 12.2±1.6 s respectively. After 16.6±2.3s,myocardial opacification reached a steady state. The mean A,β and A×β value in the short axis view at the papillary muscle level were 9.8±3.0 dB,1.4±0.5 s 1 and 13.5±3.6 dB×s-1 respectively.A,β and A×β values showed no significant differences among 6 segments. It was suggested that RTMCE was feasible for quantitative analysis of myocardial perfusion in rabbits. It provides a non-invasive method to evaluate the myocardial perfusion in rabbit disease models.
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To investigate the value of ultrasound speckle tracking imaging (STI) in the assessment of the short-axis and long-axis systolic function of the left ventricle (LV) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), 100 subjects with normal ejection fraction were studied, including 41 patients with DM only (DM group), 22 patients with both DM and left ventricular hypertrophy (DH group),and 37 healthy subjects (control group). Left ventricle systolic function in the long axis defined as longitudinal strain, and that in the short axis defined as radial strain, apical and basal LV rotations,and LV twist were assessed respectively. The results showed that average peak strain in the long axis at basal, middle and apical levels, and global peak strain were significantly decreased in the patient groups when compared with the control group (P<0.001 for each). The parameters in DH group were significantly lower than those in DM group (P<0.01 for each). There were no significant differences in average radial peak strain in the short axis at different levels, and global peak strain among the three groups (P>0.05). Apical and basal LV rotations, and LV twist were greater in the patient groups than in the control group (P<0.01 for each). Basal LV rotation and LV twist were greater in DH group than those in DM group (P<0.01). It was concluded that STI may be used to identify early abnormalities in patients with type 2 DM that have normal left ventricular systolic function.
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Transthoracic echocardiographic characteristics of 17 cases of cardiac amyloidosis (CA),a rare disease in China, were analyzed in order to improve the understanding of the disease. Seventeen cases of biopsy-proven CA, admitted to Wuhan Union Hospital from June 1994 to September 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty normal volunteers served as control group. Left atrial and ventricular functions and mitral inflow velocity were measured by two-dimensional, and Doppler echocardiography, and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI)-derived peak systolic wall motion velocities (Sv), peak early diastolic wall motion velocities (Ev), and peak late diastolic wall motion (Av) were measured at the septunm. Lateral, inferior and anterior comers of mitral annulus from the apical 4- and 2 chamber views. Compared with the control group, the interventricular septal thickness (IVSd), the left ventricular posterior wall (LVPWd), right ventricular transverse diameter (RVTDd) near the end of diastole and the interauricular septum thickness (IASs), left atrial anteroposterior diameter (LAADs), right atrial transverse diameter (RATDs) near the end of systole were increased significantly (all P<0.05) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decreased (P<0.05) in the CA group.Compared with the control group, Sv, Ev at each wall and Av at almost all walls were significantly decreased in the CA group. In the CA group, Myocardial echoes of interventricular septum and free wall of left ventricle were enhanced evidently and distributed unevenly. The echoes presented as ground glass-like images, with some spotty hyper echoes. Both atria were enlarged, and LVEF decreased, with diastolic function impaired, and mild-moderate hydropericardium found in the CA group. It was concluded that echocardiography was a relatively sensitive and highly specific non-invasive method for the diagnosis of CA.